2013년 11월 22일 금요일

Fiona Tijerina 's blog ::Dogs were companions in life and death of early California Indians







Fiona Tijerina 's blog ::Dogs were companions in life and death of early California Indians








Statehood:               With               the               fifth               oldest               European               place-name               in               the               United               States,               dating               back               to               about               1533,               and               bordered               by               Oregon,               Nevada,               Arizona,               the               Pacific               Ocean,               and               Mexico,               California               was               admitted               to               the               Union               as               the               31st               State               on               September               9,               1850               as               part               of               the               California               Compromise.
               History:
               Ceded               to               the               United               States               by               Mexico,               and               named               after               the               mythical               paradise               Califia               in               the               1510               Montalvo               Spanish               novel               entitled               "Las               Sergas               de               Esplandian,"               California               is               the               most               heavily               populated               and               third               largest               State               in               the               Country.
               Originally               colonized               by               the               Spanish               Empire,               and               home               of               more               than               seventy               Native               American               Indian               groups               including               the               Pomo,               the               Chumash,               the               Ohlone,               and               the               Salinan,               in               1769               Spanish               Missionaries               established               the               San               Deigo               Mission,               the               State's               first,               and               about               21               other               Missions               along               the               Upper               California               Coast.
               In               1846,               during               the               Bear               Flag               Revolt               against               Mexico,               and               opposing               that               country's               secularization               of               the               Spanish               Missions,               California               settlers               raised               their               flag               and               declared               their               independence               as               the               California               Republic.
               Including               Sacramento,               which               became               the               capital               in               1854,               California               has               incoporated               480               cities,               the               most               recent               being               Menifee,               on               October               1,               2008.
               Grizzly               Bears:
               Living               in               the               valleys               and               mountains               of               California               in               larger               numbers               than               anywhere               else               in               the               United               States,               and               pictured               on               the               State               flag,               the               Grizzly               Bear               was               designated               the               Official               State               Animal               in               1953,               after               dying               out               in               California               less               than               75               years               after               the               Gold               Rush               began,               because               of               being               hunted               to               extinction               in               the               State,               with               the               last               known               member               killed               in               Tulare               County               in               August               1922.
               California               Compromise:
               The               California               Compromise               was               a               series               of               five               Bills               passed               by               the               United               States               Congress               in               1850               that               ended               a               four               year               confrontation               between               Free               and               Slave               States               and               avoided               Civil               War               at               the               time.

Results               of               the               California               Compromise               included               Texas               giving               up               New               Mexico               to               obtain               El               Paso               and               the               Texas               Panhandle,               the               South               gaining               possible               Slave               States               in               the               New               Mexico               and               Utah               Territories,               a               Stronger               Fugitive               Slave               Act,               that               became               known               as               the               Bloodhound               Laws,               for               allowing               dogs               to               track               down               runaway               Slaves,               and               keeping               the               Missouri               Compromise               Line,               at               the               36-30               North               Parallel,               as               the               border               for               allowing               slavery.
               Gold               Rush:
               The               California               Gold               Rush               began               on               January               24,               1848               when               James               Wilson               Marshall               discovered               gold               at               Sutter's               Mill               in               Coloma               on               the               banks               of               the               American               River.

By               1855               more               than               300,000               prospectors,               who               became               famously               wellknown               as               the               49ers,               were               drawn               to               the               State               because               of               the               Gold               Rush,               as               well               as               people               from               many               other               places               including               Asia,               Australia,               Latin               America,               and               Europe.
               Landmarks:
               California               contains               a               vast               number               of               landmarks               appealing               to               the               millions               of               tourists               that               annually               visit               the               State               including               such               notable               Attractions               as               the               World's               Tallest               Thermometer               in               Baker               that               is               a               tribute               to               the               recorded               134               degree               temperature               in               Death               Valley               on               July               10,               1913,               the               2300-year               old               Wawona               Tunnel               Sequoia               tree               in               Yosemite               National               Park,               Rubel               Castle               in               Glendora,               the               Robbers               Roost               rock               formation               in               the               Scodie               Mountains,               Parker               and               Hoover               Dams               on               the               Colorado               River,               Mitchell's               Caverns               and               limestone               caves               in               the               Providence               Mountains               State               Recreation               Area,               the               1854-built               Fort               Tejon               in               the               Grapewise               Valley,               the               1862-built               Fort               Independence               of               the               Owen               Valley               Indian               War,               the               Coleman               National               Fish               Hatchery               to               preserve               the               loss               of               spawning               habitat               for               chinook               salmon               and               steelhead               trout,               the               1865               Stagecoach               Stop               known               as               Cold               Spring               Tavern               that               has               served               patrons               venison,               lamb,               kangeroo,               and               lion,               and               been               featured               on               television               on               numerous               occasions,               the               volcanic               rocks               of               Castle               Crags               in               northern               California,               the               most               recognizable               landmark               on               the               California               North               Coast,               the               1887-built               Chutes               Trolley               Park,               the               Queen               Anne-style               Carson               Mansion               and               Victorian               house,               Cannery               row               in               Monterey,               the               National               Natural               Landmark               Black               Chasm               Cave               in               Volcano,               the               Hollywood               Sign,               and               Angora               Lakes               in               the               Sierra               Nevada               Mountains.
               Attractions:
               The               myriad               of               Attractions               located               throughout               California               include               the               Anzo-Borrego               Desert               State               Park,               the               largest               in               California,               the               Big               Sur               River,               the               Knotts               Berry               Farm,               the               Redwood               Highway,               the               Crystal               Cathedral               in               Garden               Grove,               the               Forest               Lawn               Memorial               Park               and               Cemetary,               the               Mono               Basin               National               Forest               Scenic               Area               with               one               of               the               oldest               lakes               in               the               world,               the               Queen               Mary               Oceanliner,               with               Titanic               memorabilia,               in               Long               Beach,               the               Walk               of               Fame,               the               Hollywood               Bowl,               Beverly               Hills,               Malibu,               Pasadena,               Mount               Shasta,               Palm               Springs,               the               Point               Reyes               National               Seashore,               the               California               State               Railroad               Museum,               the               Sutter's               Fort               State               Historic               Park,               the               State               Capital,               the               San               Deigo               Zoo,               the               Cabrillo               National               Monument               where               panaramic               views               of               La               Jolla,               the               Pacific               Ocean,               Mexico,               and               San               Deigo               can               be               observed               at               the               same               time,               SeaWorld,               Universal               Studios,               Alcatraz               Island               and               Prison,               the               world               famous               San               Fransisco               cable               cars,               Chinatown,               Fisherman's               Wharf,               the               Transamerica               Pyramid,               the               Embarcadero               Center,               San               Juan               Capistrano,               the               Hearst               Castle,               the               Santa               Monica               Freeway,               and               many               world               renown               beaches.
               Beaches:
               Full               of               118               beach               cities,               thousands               of               miles               of               coastlines,               and               450               beaches               affected               by               longshore               currents,               some               of               California's               most               popular               beaches               include               Big               Sur               Beach,               High               Bluff               Beach,               Crescent               Beach,               South               Beach,               Venice               Beach,               Manhattan               Beach,               Malibou               Lagoon               Beach,               Santa               Monica               Beach,               Rodeo               Beach,               Coronado               Beach,               Sunset               Beach,               Seal               Beach,               Laguna               Beach,               Redondo               Beach,               Catalina               Island,               Capistrano               Beach,               Half               Moon               Bay,               Silver               Strand               Beach,               Oceanside               Beach,               and               Marina               Del               Rey.
               National               Parks:
               Officially               given               the               Golden               State               name               in               1968               California               has               23               National               Park               Service               sites               including               the               Golden               Gate               National               Recreation               Area,               the               Joshua               Tree               National               Park               in               the               Mojave               Desert,               the               Lava               Beds               National               Monument,               the               largest               lava               tube               caves               in               North               America,               Lassen               Volcanic               National               Park,               the               largest               plug               dome               volcano               in               the               world,               Pinnacles               National               Monument's               eroded               leftovers               of               an               extinct               volcano               found               in               the               Salinas               Valley,               Redwood               National               Park,               and               Yosemite               National               Park,               a               World               Historic               Site.
               Natural               Features:
               Home               of               eight               of               the               fifty               most               populous               American               cities,               and               almost               forty               percent               forest,               natural               land               features               of               California               include               the               Sierra               Nevada               Mountains,               the               Mojave               Desert.

the               Redwood-Douglas               Fir               Tree               Forests,               the               Yosemite               Valley               and               its               glacially               carved               domes,               the               Sequoia               National               Park,               Lake               Tahoe,               the               White               Mountains               with               some               of               the               oldest               trees               in               the               world,               including               a               4700               year               old               Bristlecone               pine               tree,               and               many               surviving               remnants               of               several               animal               species               not               found               anywhere               else               in               the               world,               Mount               Whitney,               the               highest               summit               elevation               point               in               the               United               States               at               14,505               feet,               and               the               Country's               lowest               elevation               point,               Badwater               Flat,               in               the               Death               Valley               National               Park.
               Natural               Disasters:
               Because               of               its               location               on               the               San               Andreas               Fault,               and               several               other               Faults,               California               is               famous               for               earthquakes               and               remains               vulnerable               to               floods,               draughts,               wildfires,               landslides,               volcanoes,               tsunamies,               and               strong,               extremely               dry,               offshore               Santa               Ana               winds,               often               the               hottest               of               the               year,               that               commonly               occur               in               the               Fall.
               Earthquakes:
               Sitting               on               the               tetonic               boundaries               of               the               Pacific               and               Northamerican               Plates,               with               the               San               Andreas               Fault               cutting               across               California,               many               thousands               of               small               earthquakes               commonly               occur               in               the               State               each               year.
               The               earliest               recorded               earthquake               in               California               was               in               1769,               about               thirty               miles               southeast               of               Los               Angeles,               near               the               San               Andreas               Fault.
               Southern               California               has               the               most               active               Fault               known               as               the               San               Jacinto               Fault,               and               the               very               active               Mendocino               Triple               Junction               Fault               can               be               found               offshore               in               Northern               California.
               At               7.9               on               the               Richter               Scale               the               1857               Fort               Tejon               Earthquake               was               the               largest               recorded               California               quake               and               ruptured               the               San               Andreas               Fault               from               Wrightfield               to               Parkfield.
               The               7.8               registering               1906               San               Fransisco               Earthquake               was               the               most               destructive               one               recorded.
               Statistics:
               Larger               than               34               world               countries,               and               having               a               current               population               of               about               36,961,664               people,               California               is               the               second               most               heavily               populated               sub-National               location               in               the               Western               Hemisphere.

Los               Angeles,               the               Nation's               second               largest               city               with               about               3,849,378               residents,               is               the               most               heavily               populated               County               in               the               Country               and               larger               than               42               States,               and               San               Fransisco,               Riverside-San               Bernardino,               San               Deigo,               Sacramento,               San               Jose,               Fresno,               Long               Beach,               and               Oakland               rank               among               the               Top               25               most               heavily               populated               cities               in               the               United               States.
               Industries:
               Steamships,               railroads,               and               agriculture               flourished               under               the               Gold               Rush,               while               San               Fransisco,               a               practical               Ghost               Town,               became               a               booming               Attraction.

The               First               Transcontinental               Railroad               through               Donner               Pass,               the               Lincoln               Highway,               and               Route               66               opened               up               travel               from               California               to               the               central               and               eastern               United               States,               allowing               the               home               of               several               significant               regions,               such               as               the               Silicon               Valley               for               computers               and               high               technology,               the               Napa               Valley               Wine               Country,               and               Hollywood               for               entertainment,               along               with               aerospace,               trade,               transportation,               utilities,               government,               health               services,               hospitality,               and               tourism               to               provide               California,               and               its               approximately               163,696               square               miles,               one               of               the               largest               economies               in               the               world.
               Sports:
               Some               of               the               most               prominent               universities               in               the               world               can               be               found               in               California               as               can               the               oldest               college               football               game,               the               Rose               Bowl,               and               nineteen               major               professional               sports               teams               including               the               Oakland               Raiders,               the               San               Fransisco               49ers,               and               the               San               Deigo               Chargers               of               the               National               Football               League,               the               Los               Angeles               Dodgers,               the               Los               Angeles               Angels,               the               Oakland               Athletics,               the               San               Fransisco               Giants,               and               the               San               Deigo               Padres               of               baseball,               the               Los               Angeles               Lakers,               the               Golden               State               Warriors,               the               Los               Angeles               Clippers,               and               the               Sacramento               Kings               of               the               National               Basketball               Association,               the               Los               Angeles               Kings,               the               Anaheim               Ducks,               and               the               San               Jose               Sharks               of               the               National               Hockey               League,               the               Los               Angeles               Galaxy,               the               San               Jose               Earthquakes,               and               Chivas               USA               of               soccer,               the               Los               Angeles               Avengers,               the               San               Jose               Sabercats,               the               Los               Angeles               Sparks,               the               Sacramento               Monarchs,               the               San               Jose               Stealth,               the               California               Cougars,               and               the               Modesto               Bearcats.
               Central               Valley:
               Containing               approximately               42,000               square               miles,               bordered               by               the               Cascade               Mountains,               the               Klamath               Mountains,               the               Trinity               Alps,               the               Sierra               Nevada               Mountains,               the               Tehachapi               Mountains,               the               coastal               mountain               ranges,               San               Fransisco               Bay,               and               meeting               at               the               San               Joaquin               River               Delta,               with               the               Northern               half               known               as               the               Sacramento               Valley,               and               the               Southern               half               known               as               the               San               Joaquin               Valley,               the               Central               Valley               is               home               to               California's               most               productive               agriculture               and               produces               about               one-third               of               the               Nation's               food               supply.
               Coastal               California:
               Coastal               California               includes               the               San               Fransisco               Bay               area,               the               Silicon               Valley,               the               North               Coast,               Santa               Barabara,               the               Central               Coast,               the               Los               Angeles               metropolitan               area,               San               Deigo,               and               the               State's               coastal               areas.
               Northern               California:
               Northern               California               includes               Upstate               California,               Central               California,               the               Sierra               Nevada               Mountains,               San               Jose,               Sacramento,               the               redwood               forests,               Big               Sur,               Yosemite               Valley,               Lake               Tahoe,               Mount               Shasta,               part               of               the               Central               Valley,               and               the               northern               California               coast.
               Southern               California:
               The               home               of               approximately               24               million               people,               Southern               California               includes               the               Imperial               Valley               around               El               Centro,               the               Mojave               Desert,               the               Inland               Empire               around               Riverside               and               San               Bernardino,               Eastern               California,               the               Los               Angeles               Area,               the               San               Deigo               metropolitan               area,               the               Colorado               Desert,               the               Colorado               River,               the               Technology               Coast,               the               Entertainment               Capital               of               the               World,               Ventura               Highway,               the               International               Border               with               Mexico,               the               northern               border               of               the               Tehachapi               Mountains,               and               the               Transverse               Mountains               west               to               Point               Conception.
               Los               Angeles:
               Incorporated               on               April               4,               1850,               and               covering               approximately               498               square               miles               of               the               southern               portion               of               California,               the               "City               of               Angels"               is               the               largest               town               in               the               State,               and               the               second               largest               city               in               the               Country,               with               a               population               of               about               3.8               million               residents.
               Founded               as               El               Pueblo               de               Nuestra               Senora               la               Reina               de               los               Angeles               del               Rio               de               Porciuncula,               the               "Village               of               Our               Lady,               the               Queen               of               the               Angels               of               the               river               of               Porziuncola,"               Los               Angeles               was               purchased               from               Mexico               as               part               of               the               Treaty               of               Guadalupe               Hedalgo.
               A               leading               world               center               for               International               Trade,               culture,               business,               media,               science,               fashion,               technology,               entertainment,               and               education               Los               Angeles               is               a               major               significant               sub-economy               found               in               the               United               States.
               Known               as               "The               Entertainment               Capital               of               the               World,"               and               the               home               of               Hollywood,               Los               Angeles               has               been               the               world               leader               in               motion               pictures               since               the               1920s,               as               well               as               the               recorded               music               and               television               production               industries.
               Established               when               the               Mission               San               Gabriel               Arcangel,               near               Whittier               Narrows               was               built               in               1771,               and               originally               inhabited               by               Tongva               and               Chumash               Indians,               Los               Angeles               grew               into               a               pueblo               on               September               4,               1781               that               is               now               known               as               the               Historic               District               of               Los               Angeles               Pueblo               Plaza               and               Olvera               Street,               and               found               in               the               oldest               part               of               the               city.
               The               highest               elevation               point               in               Los               Angeles               is               Mount               Lukens               at               5080               feet.

The               Pacific               Ring               of               Fire,               and               numerous               above               and               below               ground               Fault               lines,               create               approximately               10,000               earthquakes               yearly               in               the               LA               Area,               including               the               major               ones               of               the               1933               Long               Beach               Earthquake,               the               1971               San               Fernando               Earthquake,               the               1987               Whittier               Narrows               Earthquake,               and               the               1994               Northridge               Earthquake.
               The               Chumash               Indian               name               for               Los               Angeles               means               "the               valley               of               smoke,"               and               the               LA               Area               is               world               famous               for               producing               extensive               air               pollution               and               smog,               especially               in               the               LA               Basin,               that               accumulates               over               many               consecutive               days               in               the               Summer.

In               2008               Los               Angeles               was               ranked               as               the               Second               Most               Heavily               Polluted               City.
               Subdivided               into               many               previously               incorporated               communities               annexed               by               the               city               including               the               Downtown               LA               Area,               Northeast               Los               Angeles,               South               Los               Angeles,               the               Eastside,               Hollywood,               the               Westside,               the               Harbor               Area,               the               Cresenta               Valley,               and               the               San               Fernando               Valley,               other               wellknown               LA               communities               include               Brentwood,               Hancock               Park,               Pacific               Palisades,               Hollywood               Hills,               Bel               Air,               Benedict               Canyon,               Westwood,               Silver               Lake,               Los               Feliz,               West               Adams,               Leiment               Park,               Watts,               Venice               Beach,               and               Baldwin               Hills.
               Popular               Attractions               found               in               the               Los               Angeles               area               include               the               Grauman's               Chinese               Theater,               the               Hollywood               Bowl,               the               Capitol               Recording               Building,               the               Griffin               Observatory,               Chinatown,               Little               Tokyo,               Koreatown,               the               Kodak               Theater,               the               Los               Angeles               Memorial               Coleseum,               Hollywood               Boulevard,               the               Los               Angeles               County               Museum               of               Art,               the               Watts               Tower,               Dodger               Stadium,               the               Staples               Center,               and               many               more.
               San               Deigo:
               Named               after               Saint               Didacus               of               Alcala,               San               Deigo               is               the               second               largest               California               town,               the               nineth               largest               city               in               the               United               States,               and               has               been               ranked               by               Money               Magazine               as               the               2006               Fifth               Best               Place               To               Live,               and               by               Forbes               Magazine               as               the               Fifth               Wealthiest               City               In               The               United               States.
               Agriculture,               biotechnology,               electronics               manufacturing,               computer               sciences,               financial               services,               ship               building,               software               development,               telecommunications,               business,               and               tourism               are               major               industries               in               San               Deigo.
               Located               on               the               southern               end               of               the               historic               El               Camino               Real               Mission               Trail,               and               originally               inhabited               by               Kumeyaay               Indians,               in               1542               the               San               Deigo               area               was               claimed               as               part               of               New               Spain               and               named               San               Miguel.

In               1602               the               area               was               further               explored,               and               in               1769               renamed               Mission               San               Deigo               de               Alcala.
               San               Deigo               has               hosted               two               World's               Fairs               including               the               1915               Panama-California               Exposition               and               the               1935               California-Pacific               International               Exposition.

San               Deigo               also               experienced               the               October               2003               Cedar               Fire,               the               largest               California               wildfire               in               the               last               one               hundred               years               that               burned               280,000               acres,               and               the               2007               Witch               Creek               and               Harris               wildfires.
               Deep               wild               canyons,               hilly               terrain,               mesas,               parklands,               the               San               Deigo               River,               San               Deigo               Bay,               Mission               Bay,               Balboa               Park,               the               Coronado               and               Point               Loma               Peninsulas,               and               more               than               one               hundred               neighborhoods               comprise               the               San               Deigo               geography.

The               Cleveland               National               Forest,               Mira               Mesa,               the               Cuyamaca               and               Laguna               Mountains,               Mission               Beach,               Pacific               Beach,               and               La               Jolla               are               nearby               locations.
               San               Deigo               has               many               popular               museums               including               the               San               Deigo               Museum               of               Man,               the               San               Deigo               Museum               of               Art,               the               San               Deigo               Natural               History               Museum,               the               Museum               of               Photographic               Arts,               the               Museum               of               Contemporary               Art               San               Deigo,               the               San               Deigo               Maritime               Museum,               and               the               San               Deigo               Aircraft               Carrier               Museum               featuring               the               USS               Midway               aircraft               carrier.
               Tourist               Attractions               in               San               Deigo               include               the               Belmont               Amusement               Park,               Legoland               California,               the               Spanish               Missions,               Balboa               Park,               one               of               the               oldest               recreational               sites               in               the               United               States,               the               Comic-Con               International               Comic               Book               Convention,               the               Street               Scene               Music               Festival,               the               San               Deigo/Del               Mar               Fair,               the               San               Deigo               Wild               Animal               Park,               SeaWorld               San               Deigo,               and               the               San               Deigo               Zoo,               one               of               the               world's               largest               with               more               than               800               species               of               animals               including               Giant               Pandas.
               San               Jose:
               Becoming               the               "Capital               of               the               Silicon               Valley,"               the               third               largest               town               in               California,               and               the               tenth               largest               American               city,               San               Jose               is               located               at               the               southern               end               of               the               San               Fransisco               Bay               Area,               and               is               the               most               populous               city,               by               city               limits,               in               Northern               California               and               the               western               United               States               north               of               Los               Angeles.
               The               first               colony               in               Spanish               Nueva               California,               and               the               first               capital               of               the               State               of               California,               San               Jose               was               founded               November               29,               1777,               and               known               as               El               Pueblo               de               San               Jose               de               Guadalupe.
               Originally               inhabited               by               Ohlone               Indians,               and               becoming               part               of               the               United               States               when               California               was               annexed               in               1846,               San               Jose               was               Incorporated               on               March               27,               1850               ,               with               California               Historical               Marker               461,               the               Circle               of               Palms               Plaza,               the               site               where               the               first               capital               stood.
               Experiencing               significant               earthquakes               between               1839               and               1989               San               Jose               is               located               near               the               San               Andreas               Fault,               the               Monte               Vista               Fault,               the               Northern               Calaveras               Fault,               the               Central               Calaveras               Fault,               and               the               South               Hayward               Fault.
               During               the               California               Gold               Rush               San               Jose's               nearby               Almaden               Valley               was               heavily               mined               for               the               mercury               needed               for               extracting               gold               from               quartz               rocks,               fulminate               blasting               caps,               and               detonators.
               Popular               San               Jose               landmarks               include               the               History               Park,               the               Cathedral               Basilica               of               Saint               Joseph,               the               Rosicrucian               Egyptian               Museum,               Lick               Observatory,               Japantown               San               Jose,               the               Winchester               Mystery               House,               the               Raging               Waters               Theme               Park,               the               San               Jose               Flea               Market,               the               Technological               Museum               of               Innovation,               the               Children's               Discovery               Museum               of               San               Jose,               the               downtown               Historic               District,               the               De               Anza               Hotel,               the               Hotel               Santa               Claire,               both               of               which               are               National               Register               of               Historic               Places,               the               plumed               serpent               statue               of               Quitzalcoatl,               the               HP               Pavilion               at               San               Jose,               one               of               the               most               active               event               venues               in               the               world               with               an               average               of               184               annual               events,               the               San               Jose               Municipal               Rose               Garden,               the               Chinese               Cultural               Gardens,               the               Children's               Happy               Hollow               Park               and               Zoo,               the               Portuguese               Historical               Museum,               and               Alum               Rock               Park,               California's               oldest               municipal               park.
               San               Fransisco:
               A               perpetual               Ghost               Town               until               the               California               Gold               Rush               the               twelvth               largest               city               in               the               United               States               is               located               on               the               northern               end               of               the               San               Fransisco               Peninsula.
               The               April               18,               1906               earthquake               and               fire               destroyed               about               three-fourths               of               San               Fransisco,               however,               quickly               rebuilt,               the               town               became               a               popular               International               tourist               destination               wellknown               for               steep               rolling               hills,               chilly               Summer               fog,               cable               cars,               banking,               finance,               and               the               Golden               Gate               Bridge.
               The               1859               Comstock               Lode               silver               discovery               made               the               Barbery               Coast               a               notorious               haven               for               outlaws               and               gamblers,               and               a               thriving               International               lumber               trade               made               the               Port               of               San               Fransisco               the               largest               and               busiest               seaport               on               the               West               Coast               at               the               time.
               San               Fransisco               has               several               islands               considered               part               of               the               city               including               the               Farallon               Islands               located               27               miles               offshore               in               the               Pacific               Ocean,               Red               Rock               Island,               Angel               Island,               Alameda               Island,               Treasure               Island,               Yerba               Buena               Island,               and               Alcatraz               Island.
               San               Fransisco               has               more               than               fifty               hills               including               Twin               Peaks,               Pacific               Heights,               Nob               Hill,               and               Mount               Davidson,               the               city's               tallest               hill               at               an               elevation               of               925               feet,               with               a               1934-built,               103-foot               tall               cross               on               its               top.
               Strongly               influenced               by               cool               currents               off               the               Pacific               Ocean,               moderate               temperature               swings,               little               seasonal               variations,               and               the               California               mainland               high               heat,               fog               blankets               the               western               portion               of               San               Fransisco               making               late               Summer               and               Fall               the               warmest               months               of               the               year,               and               providing               the               city               with               the               well               earned               reputation               of               being               "The               coldest               Winter               I               ever               spent               was               a               Summer               in               San               Fransisco".
               Market               Square               is               the               historic               center               of               San               Fransisco,               Union               Square               is               its               primary               shopping               district,               and               Fisherman's               Wharf,               North               Beach,               Little               Italy,               Lombard               Street,               Telegraph               Hill,               Chinatown,               the               Coit               Tower,               the               Mission               District,               Valencia               Street,               Haight-Ashbury,               the               Castro,               Japantown,               the               Painted               Ladies               Victorian               Houses,               Alamo               Square,               the               Marina,               The               Avenues               of               Richmond               and               Sunset,               Mission               Bay,               Patrero               Hills               panaramic               views               of               downtown               San               Fransisco,               and               the               Timberlion               immigrant               communities               are               some               of               its               most               popular               tourist               areas.
               Popular               San               Fransisco               beaches               include               Ocean               Beach,               Baker               Beach,               Crissy               Field               Beach,               and               Lands               End               Beach.

Famous               Attractions               include               more               than               two               hundred               parks,               Fort               Funston,               the               Embarcadero,               Lake               Merced,               the               Golden               Gate               National               Recreation               Area,               the               San               Fransisco               Maritime               National               Historic               Park,               Aquatic               Park,               the               Golden               Gate               Park,               the               Conservatory               of               Flowers,               the               Japanese               Tea               Gardens,               the               San               Fransisco               Botannical               Gardens,               the               War               Memorial               and               Performing               Arts               Center,               the               Fillmore               Theater,               the               Museum               of               Modern               Art,               the               Palace               of               the               Legion               of               Honor,               the               Palace               of               Fine               Arts,               and               the               San               Fransisco               Zoo               with               more               than               250               rare               animal               species.
               Golden               Gate:
               Since               1937               a               North               American               strait               known               as               the               Golden               Gate,               connecting               San               Fransisco               to               the               Pacific               Ocean,               has               been               spanned               by               the               approximately               8981-foot               long               Golden               Gate               Bridge.
               With               construction               beginning               on               January               5,               1933,               bridge               opening               ceremonies               on               May               27,               1937,               and               costing               more               than               35               million               dollars               to               build,               200,000               people               crossed               the               bridge               on               foot               or               roller               skates               the               first               week               it               was               opened.
               Part               of               US               Highway               101               and               California               State               Route               1,               and               ranked               fifth               on               the               List               of               America's               Favorite               Architecture,               the               Golden               Gate               Bridge               was               the               longest               suspension               bridge               span               in               the               world               when               it               was               constructed.
               Possessing               an               orange               vermillion               color               that               blends               well               with               the               natural               surroundings,               and               is               visible               at               night               in               heavy               fog,               the               Golden               Gate               Bridge               is               considered               one               of               the               Modern               Wonders               of               the               World.
               Standing               245               feet               above               water,               and               offering               a               four               second               fall               at               76               miles               an               hour,               the               Golden               Gate               Bridge               has               the               dubious               distinction               of               being               the               most               popular               place               to               commit               suicide               in               the               United               States,               and               one               of               the               most               popular               in               the               world.
               Fresno:
               Located               in               the               center               of               the               San               Joaquin               Valley               of               Central               California,               with               a               Spanish               name               meaning               the               "white               ash               tree,"               originally               settled               by               Yokuta               Indians,               and               founded               in               1856,               Fresno               is               the               fifth               largest               California               city               and               the               36th               largest               in               the               United               States.
               In               1872               the               Central               Pacific               Railroad               established               the               Southern               Pacific               Line,               and               the               city               of               Fresno               grew               up               around               the               area,               becoming               Incorporated               in               1885.
               Fresno               can               be               found               near               the               Sierra               National               Forest,               Kings               Canyon               National               Park,               Yosemite               National               Park,               and               has               three               large               public               city               parks               of               its               own               as               well               including               Woodland               Park,               Roeding               Park,               and               Kearney               Park.

Fresno               also               has               the               Chaffee               Zoological               Gardens,               the               Rotary               Storyland               and               Playland,               and               the               Shinzon               Japanese               Gardens.
               An               important               location               in               Modern               skateboarding               history,               melon,               and               fig               agriculture,               beginning               in               1881               Fresno               developed               a               sizable               Armenian               population               that               numbers               about               25               to               30               thousand               residents.
               Fresno               area               Attractions               include               the               Forestiere               Underground               Gardens,               the               Discovery               Center,               the               Fresno               Metropolitan               Museum               of               Arts               and               Sciences,               the               Kearney               Mansion               Museum,               the               Old               Fresno               Water               Tower               Tourist               Center,               the               Big               Fresno               Fair,               Christmas               Tree               Lane,               the               Fresno               Film               Festival,               the               Miss               California               Pageant,               the               Woodward               Shakespeare               Festival,               Chukchansi               Park,               the               six               square               mile               Fig               Garden               County               Island,               the               Tower               District               on               the               National               List               of               Historic               Places,               and               Huntington               Boulevard.
               Series:
               The               United               States               Series               I               am               writing               here               on               associatedcontent.com               provides               an               indepth               look               at               all               fifty               States               that               make               up               this               GREAT               Country               of               ours               and               their               five               largest               cities.
               The               current               list               of               Articles               for               the               United               States               Series               I               have               published               to               date               include:
               So               This               Is               Sweet               Home               Alabama               
               Alaska               -               The               Land               of               the               Midnight               Sun               
               Arizona               -               The               Valley               of               the               Sun               
               Arkansas               -               People               of               the               South               Wind               
               Colorful               Colorado               -               The               Rocky               Mountains,               Skiing,               and               High               Technology               
               Connecticut               -               The               Land               of               Steady               Habits               
               Delaware               -               The               Small               Wonder               
               Florida               -               The               Snowbirds               R               Us               State               
               Georgia               -               Goobers,               Peaches,               and               Buzzards               
               Hawaii               -               Luaus,               Pineapples,               and               Beaches               
               Idaho               -               The               Gem               of               the               Mountains               and               Potatoes               State               
               Illinois               -               Mining,               Factories,               and               Labor               Unions               
               Indiana               -               Land               of               Steel               and               Ducks               
               Iowa               -               The               Ethanol               and               Food               Capital               of               the               World               
               Bleeding               Kansas               America's               Flattest               State               
               Kentucky               -               The               Land               of               Tomorrow               
               Louisiana               -               The               Child               of               the               Mississippi               
               Maine               -               Lobsters,               Lighthouses,               and               Black               Bears               
               Maryland               -               The               "Oh               Say               Can               You               See"               State               
               Massachusetts               -               The               Cradle               of               Liberty               
               Michigan               -               The               Automotive               State               
               Minnesota               -               The               Bread               and               Butter               State               
               Mississippi               -               Where               Cotton               Was               King
               Comments               from               readers               are               always               welcome               so               let               me               know               what               you               think               about               these               Articles.
               Sources:
               This               article               was               compiled               from               websites               that               provide               much               more               information               on               California               including:
               losangeles.com,               sandeigo.gov,               sanjose.org,               fresno.org,               and               sanfransisco.com.






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      ...University of California in Barcelona ******* Feliz...McClintock George Washington University Washington DC ******* Benvolgut...Kaare Strom University of California, San Diego ****** Estimat...Del blog realment admiro la diligencia i capacitat de...
    6. quigleyblog.blogspot.com/   02/26/2007
      ... op-ed in the NYTs two weeks ago...old historian and scholar at the University of Maryland. Alperovitz looks to California and its Governator, Arnold Schwarzenegger...
    7. johnnyoops.blogspot.com/   01/22/2012
      ... owned by the University in La Jolla, California, slapped us with some kind of...destination. I think I’m caught in a downdraft. Watch out below.
    8. zengersmag.blogspot.com/   01/30/2011
      ...the symbol. All five of us in MALAF went and...for ‘A New Symbol for La Nueva Raza .’ It was... at the University of California at Davis, near Sacramento...
    9. thepoodleanddogblog.typepad.com/the_poodle_and_dog_blog/   04/02/2011
      ...side by side. Paul Langenwalter, a professor of archaeology and anthropology at Biola University in La Mirada, California, examined dog skeletons dating back to the 1700s. “There...
    10. taxprof.typepad.com/taxprof_blog/   09/08/2012
      ... law schools to join the ABA's fold are located in California: the University of La Verne, a private law school in Ontario (a city in California's "Inland Empire"), and the University...
    11. Universities In La California - Blog Homepage Results

      A blog honoring the "great" (well it was great in our minds), gone, but not forgotten California State University Long Beach student radio station -- KSUL.
      ...of Southern California, California College of the Arts, and the University of Hawaii, to name a... in Modern Painters...Bulletin, Sacramento Bee, LA Weekly, Maui Weekly, SF...
      ...Gov 2.0 L.A. Hybrid Camp 2012 We have some exciting news to share. Gov 2.0 LA will be shifting the Gov20LA event venue to Pepperdine University in Malibu, California for the 2012 event and for future years as well. We are thrilled...



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